This book describes the phonology and phonotactics of Malangan Javanese and Indonesian as the background against which the reversal rules and phonological system of Walikan are explained. A similar development occurred in youth languages of Europe and Africa. Walikan is shown to have developed from a secretive slang to a widespread marker of shared identity, used in general communication across various speech areas. The research discusses Walikan in relation to other youth languages to determine how it resembles and differs from them. The results presented here were drawn from extensive fieldwork, including 725 Walikan words collected from more than one hundred speakers of Walikan and a substantial number of written Walikan materials observed in the media and public areas. Known as Walikan, it incorporates reversed words originating from Malangan Javanese, Malangan Indonesian, and other languages into a Malangan Javanese structure. This dissertation investigates the structure and development of Bòsò Walikan Malangan (‘Malang-style reversal language’), a word-reversal practice in the East Javanese variety of Malang.
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